A TIMELINE OF CRIME
By Tim Lambert
Early Crime
44 BC Julius Caesar is assassinated
946 The Saxon King Edmund is murdered
978 The Saxon King Edward is murdered
1100 William Rufus is killed by an arrow in the New Forest. It is not known if it was an accident or murder.
1170 Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is murdered
1327 Edward II is assassinated
1671 Thomas Blood attempts to steal the Crown Jewels from the Tower of London
1685 Joan Bracey highwaywoman is hanged
1718 The pirate Edward Teach, otherwise known as Blackbeard is killed
1739 The highwayman Dick Turpin is hanged
1787 The first convicts are transported to Australia
19th Century Crime
1812 Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is shot
1828 In Scotland William Burke is hanged. (His accomplice William Hare escaped by turning king's evidence. The two murdered people and sold the bodies to a surgeon. In England William Corder is hanged for the murder of Maria Marten.
1847 Jesse James is born
1856 The poisoner William Palmer is hanged
1862 Dr Crippen is born
1864 Franz Muller is hanged for murdering Thomas Briggs in Britains first train murder
1865 In Britain Dr Edward Pritchard is hanged for poisoning his wife and mother-in-law. In the USA Abraham Lincoln is shot.
1867 Frederick Baker is hanged to murdering Fanny Adams at Alton
1868 The last public execution takes place in Britain. Transportation ends.
1869 French serial killer Joseph Vacher is born
1870 Serial killer Albert Fish is born
1873 A family called the Benders flee their farm in Kansas. Shortly afterwards the bodies of people they murdered and robbed are found on their land. In England Mary Ann Cotton is hanged for poisoning many of her relatives.
1874 The first recorded kidnapping takes place. In the USA Charlie Ross is taken.
1879 In Britain Charles Peace is hanged
1880 In Australia Ned Kelly is hanged
1881 Billy the Kid is shot. James Garfield is shot.
1882 Jesse James is shot
1883 German serial killer Peter Kurten is born
1888 Jack the Ripper kills 5 women
Friday 31 August Polly Nichols
Saturday 8 September Annie Chapman
Sunday 30 September Elizabeth Stride, Catherine Eddowes
Friday 9 November Mary Jane Kelly
1889 Florence Maybrick is convicted of poisoning her husband
1890 In the USA the electric chair is first used as a method of execution. In Britain Mary Pearcey is hanged for the killing Phoebe Hogg and her baby.
1891 Serial killer Carl Panzram is born
1892 In Britain Dr thomas Neill Cream is hanged for poisoning women. In the USA Lizzie Borden kills her father and stepmother with an axe. Earle Nelson the 'Gorilla Murderer' is born.
1897 Actor William Terris is stabbed by Richard Prince. French murderer Marcel Petiot is born.
1898 French serial killer Joseph Vacher is guillotined
1899 Al Capone is born
Early 20th Century Crime
1900 Dr Crippen comes to England
1901 President William McKinley is shot
1903 George Chapman is hanged for poisoning 3 wives. Herbert Dougal is hanged for shooting Camille Holland, the Moat Farm Murder.
1905 Albert and Alfred Stratton are the first British murderers to be convicted by fingerprinting evidence. Both are hanged.
1909 John George Haigh the acid bath murderer is born
1910 Dr Crippen is hanged for murdering his wife
1912 Frederick Seddon is hanged for poisoning his lodger Eliza Barrow
1915 Joseph Smith who murdered 3 wives by drowning them in the bath is hanged
1918 In Russia the Tsar and his family are murdered by the Communists
1922 Herbert Rowse Armstrong is hanged for murdering his wife. He is the only British solicitor to be hanged. In France mass murderer Henri Landru is guillotined.
1923 Edith Thompson and Frederick Bywaters are hanged for the murder of Percy Thompson
1924 In Britain Patrick Mahon is hanged for killing and dismembering his lover Emily Kaye. In the USA Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb are sentenced to life for murdering 14 year-old Bobby Franks. The gas chamber is first used as a method of execution. In Germany serial killer Fritz Haarmann is beheaded.
1925 Norman Thorne is hanged for killing his lover Elsie Cameron
1927 In Britain the body of Minnie Bonati is found in a trunk at Charing Cross Station. John Robinson is hanged for the crime. In the USA Ruth Snyder and Henry Judd Gray go to the electric chair for the murder of Ruth's husband. In Winnipeg, Canada Earle Nelson is hanged
1928 Frederick Browne and William Kennedy are hanged for shooting PC Gutteridge
1929 In Chicago the St Valentines Day Massacre takes place. In Britain Sidney Fox strangles his mother in a hotel room then sets the room on fire to make it look like an accident. The ruse fails and Fox is hanged for the crime in 1930.
1930 Alfred Rouse gives a drifter a life. He knocks the man out and sets fire to his car. Rouse hopes the police will mistake the dead man for him so he can begin a new life with a new identity. The ruse fails and Rouse is hanged in 1931. In the USA serial killer Carl Panzram is hanged.
1931 German serial killer Peter Kurten known as the Vampire or Monster of Dusseldorf goes to the guillotine. In Britain Julia Wallace is murdered. Her husband William Wallace is convicted of the crime but the conviction is quashed by the Court of Appeal. In the USA Al Capone is convicted of tax evasion.
1934 John Dillinger is shot. Bonnie and Clyde, robbers and murderers are shot.
1935 In Lancaster Dr Buck Ruxton kills his wife and cleaning lady and dismembers the bodies
1936 Charlotte Bryant is hanged for poisoning her husband. In the USA Albert Fish child killer and cannibal goes to the electric chair
1939 Al Capone is released from prison
1942 In London Gordon Cummins known as the Blackout Ripper kills 3 women. In Melbourne, Australia US soldier Edward Leonski is hanged for killing 3 women.
1943 John Reginald Christie kills his first victim Austrian Ruth Fuerst. Canadian soldier August Sangret is hanged for murdering Joan Peal Wolfe.
1942-44 Dr Marcel Petiot murders 27 people in Paris
1944 John George Haigh murders his first victim Donald McSwan and dissolves the body in acid. Christie kills his second victim Muriel Eady. Australian serial killer Ivan Milat is born.
1945 Haigh murders Mr and Mrs Swan (the parents of Donald) and disposes of their bodies in acid
1946 Neville Heath murders 2 women and is hanged
1947 Elizabeth Short the Black Dahlia is murdered. Al Capone dies.
1948 Haigh murders Dr Archibald Henderson and his wife. Both bodies are dissolved in acid.
1949 John George Haigh murders Mrs Durand-Deacon and dissolves the body in acid. Haigh is caught and hanged. Christie murders Beryl Evans and her baby daughter.
Late 20th Century Crime
1951 Martha Beck and Raymond Fernandez the 'Lonely Hearts killers' go to the electric chair
1952 Christie murders his wife Ethel
1953 John Reginald Christie murders 3 more women. He is caught and hanged
1954 In Britain Styllou Christofi is hanged for the murder of her daughter-in-law. In the USA Dr Samuel Shappard is convicted of murdering his wife. (He was cleared of the charge in 1966).
1955 Ruth Ellis is the last woman in Britain to be hanged
1958 In Scotland serial killer Peter Manuel is hanged for 7 murders. In the USA Wayne Williams is born.
1959 In Britain Guenther Podola is hanged for murdering a policeman. In the USA Charles Starkweather goes to the electric chair. Serial killer Harvey Glatman is also executed.
1962 James Hanratty is hanged for the A6 murder
1962-64 The Boston strangler murders women. Albert De Salvo later confesses to the crimes but is never charged. Albert De Salvo is stabbed in prison in 1973.
1963 In Britain the Great Train Robbery takes place. In the USA John F Kennedy is shot.
1964 Australian serial killer Eric Edgar Cooke is hanged
1966 Child killers Ian Brady and Myra Hindley are sentenced to life. In the USA Richard Speck kills 8 nurses.
1968 Martin Luther King is shot. Robert Kennedy is shot
1969 Ronald and Reginald Kray are sentenced to life. In the USA Charles Manson and members of his 'family' murder several people. In Britain the death penalty is abolished.
1971 In California Juan Corona is convicted of 25 murders
1972 The poisoner Graham Young is sentenced to life imprisonment. He dies in 1990.
1973 In Texas serial killer Dean Corll is shot
1976 Donald Neilson the 'Black Panther' is sentenced to life
1977 The guillotine is last used in France. (The French abolish the death sentence in 1981). In the USA Gary Gilmore is shot by a firing squad.
1978 Serial killer David Berkowitz the 'Son of Sam' is sentenced to 365 years in prison. In Britain Bulgarian dissident Georgi Markov is murdered with ricin.
1979-1981 In the USA the Atlanta Child Murders take place
1980 Serial killer John Wayne Gacy is sentenced to death. He is executed in 1994.
1981 Serial killer Peter Sutcliffe the 'Yorkshire Ripper' is sentenced to life
1982 Wayne Williams is convicted of 2 murders in Atlanta
1983 Serial killer Dennis Nilsen is sentenced to life
1986 In Britain Jeremy Bamber is convicted of 5 murders. In Perth, Australia David and Catherine Birnie murder 4 women.
1987 Robert Healey is sentenced to life for the murders of his wife Greeba and his 13 year-old stepdaughter Marie
1988 Colin Pitchfork is the first murderer to be caught by DNA evidence. Martin Duffy known as the Railway Rapist is sentenced to life.
1989 In the USA Serial killer Ted Bundy goes to the electric chair. Serial killer Richard Ramirez is sentenced to death.
1991 Richard Speck dies aged 49
1992 Serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer is sentenced to life
1994 In Britain Child killer Robert Black is sentenced to life. Russian serial killer Andrei Chikatilo is shot.
1995 Rosemary West is sentenced to life for the murders of 10 young women
1996 Australian serial killer Ivan Milat is sentenced to life imprisonment
21st Century Crime
2002 Serial killer Aileen Wuornos is executed
2003 Child killer Ian Huntley is sentenced to life
2005 Australian murderer David Birnie commits suicide
2008 Steve Wright is convicted of the murders of 5 women in Ipswich
To read more about the dark side of history click here
Families Fighting For Justice (An organisation fighting for victims rights and offering support to victims families).