16th CENTURY PUNISHMENTS
by Tim Lambert
In the 16th century prison was seldom used as a punishment. Instead people were held in prison until trial then some physical punishment was meted out. In the 16th century minor crimes were often punished by the pillory or the stocks. The pillory was a wooden frame on a pole with holes through which a person's head and hands were placed. The frame was then locked and the person was subjected to humiliation and ridicule. The stocks was a wooden frame with holes through which a person's feet were placed and they were humiliated in the same way. Other common punishments were flogging and branding with red hot irons.
More serious crimes were punished by death. Beheading was reserved for the wealthy. Ordinary people were usually hanged. (They were suspended with a rope round their neck until they were strangled to death). However there were worse ways of killing people.
In 1401 a law in England made burning the penalty for heresy. In the 16th century during the reign of Mary (1553-1558) nearly 300 Protestants were burned to death in England. Sometimes a person about to be burned was strangled with a rope first to spare them pain. However in a horrible variation on this punishment in 1531 Henry VIII passed an act allowing poisoners to be boiled alive but the act was repealed after his death in 1547.
Fines were another form of Tudor punishment. During the reign of Elizabeth I people could be fined for not attending church.
In England the punishment for treason was hanging, drawing and quartering. The person was drawn on a hurdle pulled by a horse to the place of execution. They were hanged (strangled by being suspended by a rope) but when they were still alive and sometimes conscious they were cut down. The executioner cut open their stomach and 'drew out' their entrails. Finally the person was beheaded and his body was cut into quarters.
Children were also treated harshly. Discipline in Tudor schools was savage. The teacher often had a stick with birch twigs attached to it. Boys were hit with the birch twigs on their bare buttocks.